The time won/lost column displays the gains in time in the GC. Click on the time of any rider to view the relative gains on this rider.
Rnk | Prev | ▼▲ | Rider | Team | Time | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | - | GOSS Matthew Orica GreenEDGE | Orica GreenEDGE | 11:36:44 | |
2 | 2 | - | O'GRADY Stuart Orica GreenEDGE | Orica GreenEDGE | 0:03 0:03 | |
3 | 4 | ▲1 | MEYER Cameron Orica GreenEDGE | Orica GreenEDGE | ,, 0:03 | |
4 | 3 | ▼1 | LANGEVELD Sebastian Orica GreenEDGE | Orica GreenEDGE | ,, 0:03 | |
5 | 6 | ▲1 | FARRAR Tyler Team Garmin - Barracuda | Team Garmin - Barracuda | 0:13 0:13 | |
6 | 18 | ▲12 | BOASSON HAGEN Edvald Sky Procycling | Sky Procycling | ,, 0:13 | |
7 | 5 | ▼2 | CAVENDISH Mark Sky Procycling | Sky Procycling | 0:14 0:14 | |
8 | 8 | - | HORNER Chris RadioShack - Nissan | RadioShack - Nissan | 0:20 0:20 | |
9 | 7 | ▼2 | BENNATI Daniele RadioShack - Nissan | RadioShack - Nissan | ,, 0:20 | |
10 | 9 | ▼1 | CANCELLARA Fabian RadioShack - Nissan | RadioShack - Nissan | ,, 0:20 | |
11 | 12 | ▲1 | VANSUMMEREN Johan Team Garmin - Barracuda | Team Garmin - Barracuda | ,, 0:20 | |
12 | 14 | ▲2 | GALLOPIN Tony RadioShack - Nissan | RadioShack - Nissan | ,, 0:20 | |
13 | 15 | ▲2 | ROULSTON Hayden RadioShack - Nissan | RadioShack - Nissan | ,, 0:20 | |
14 | 17 | ▲3 | LÖFKVIST Thomas Sky Procycling | Sky Procycling | 0:25 0:25 | |
15 | 19 | ▲4 | STANNARD Ian Sky Procycling | Sky Procycling | 0:26 0:26 | |
16 | 23 | ▲7 | KREUZIGER Roman Astana Pro Team | Astana Pro Team | 0:33 0:33 | |
17 | 21 | ▲4 | IGLINSKIY Maxim Astana Pro Team | Astana Pro Team | ,, 0:33 | |
18 | 26 | ▲8 | KESSIAKOFF Fredrik Astana Pro Team | Astana Pro Team | ,, 0:33 | |
19 | 25 | ▲6 | MURAVYEV Dmitriy Astana Pro Team | Astana Pro Team | ,, 0:33 | |
20 | 24 | ▲4 | GASPAROTTO Enrico Astana Pro Team | Astana Pro Team | ,, 0:33 | |
21 | 22 | ▲1 | TIRALONGO Paolo Astana Pro Team | Astana Pro Team | ,, 0:33 | |
22 | 28 | ▲6 | FREIRE Óscar Team Katusha | Team Katusha | 0:37 0:37 | |
23 | 29 | ▲6 | HUNTER Robert Team Garmin - Barracuda | Team Garmin - Barracuda | 0:38 0:38 | |
24 | 59 | ▲35 | GREIPEL André Lotto Belisol Team | Lotto Belisol Team | 0:39 0:39 | |
25 | 30 | ▲5 | HAYMAN Mathew Sky Procycling | Sky Procycling | ,, 0:39 | |
26 | 31 | ▲5 | BOARO Manuele Team Saxo Bank - Tinkoff Bank | Team Saxo Bank - Tinkoff Bank | 0:41 0:41 | |
27 | 32 | ▲5 | TOSATTO Matteo Team Saxo Bank - Tinkoff Bank | Team Saxo Bank - Tinkoff Bank | ,, 0:41 | |
28 | 34 | ▲6 | SØRENSEN Nicki Team Saxo Bank - Tinkoff Bank | Team Saxo Bank - Tinkoff Bank | ,, 0:41 | |
29 | 33 | ▲4 | MAJKA Rafał Team Saxo Bank - Tinkoff Bank | Team Saxo Bank - Tinkoff Bank | ,, 0:41 | |
30 | 38 | ▲8 | PIRES Bruno Team Saxo Bank - Tinkoff Bank | Team Saxo Bank - Tinkoff Bank | ,, 0:41 | |
31 | 36 | ▲5 | CHRISTENSEN Mads Team Saxo Bank - Tinkoff Bank | Team Saxo Bank - Tinkoff Bank | ,, 0:41 | |
32 | 35 | ▲3 | TANNER David Team Saxo Bank - Tinkoff Bank | Team Saxo Bank - Tinkoff Bank | ,, 0:41 | |
33 | 43 | ▲10 | GARZELLI Stefano Acqua & Sapone | Acqua & Sapone | 0:42 0:42 | |
34 | 39 | ▲5 | DI LUCA Danilo Acqua & Sapone | Acqua & Sapone | ,, 0:42 | |
35 | 42 | ▲7 | CODOL Massimo Acqua & Sapone | Acqua & Sapone | ,, 0:42 | |
36 | 40 | ▲4 | BETANCUR Carlos Acqua & Sapone | Acqua & Sapone | ,, 0:42 | |
37 | 41 | ▲4 | MIHOLJEVIĆ Vladimir Acqua & Sapone | Acqua & Sapone | ,, 0:42 | |
38 | 44 | ▲6 | TABORRE Fabio Acqua & Sapone | Acqua & Sapone | ,, 0:42 | |
39 | 45 | ▲6 | GINANNI Francesco Acqua & Sapone | Acqua & Sapone | ,, 0:42 | |
40 | 51 | ▲11 | BELLETTI Manuel AG2R La Mondiale | AG2R La Mondiale | 0:43 0:43 | |
41 | 47 | ▲6 | PAOLINI Luca Team Katusha | Team Katusha | ,, 0:43 | |
42 | 48 | ▲6 | BRUTT Pavel Team Katusha | Team Katusha | ,, 0:43 | |
43 | 46 | ▲3 | GUSEV Vladimir Team Katusha | Team Katusha | ,, 0:43 | |
44 | 50 | ▲6 | MORENO Daniel Team Katusha | Team Katusha | ,, 0:43 | |
45 | 49 | ▲4 | RODRÍGUEZ Joaquim Team Katusha | Team Katusha | ,, 0:43 | |
46 | 52 | ▲6 | GODDAERT Kristof AG2R La Mondiale | AG2R La Mondiale | 0:46 0:46 | |
47 | 53 | ▲6 | HOUANARD Steve AG2R La Mondiale | AG2R La Mondiale | ,, 0:46 | |
48 | 55 | ▲7 | MONTAGUTI Matteo AG2R La Mondiale | AG2R La Mondiale | ,, 0:46 | |
49 | 54 | ▲5 | NOCENTINI Rinaldo AG2R La Mondiale | AG2R La Mondiale | ,, 0:46 | |
50 | 56 | ▲6 | RIBLON Christophe AG2R La Mondiale | AG2R La Mondiale | ,, 0:46 | |
51 | 16 | ▼35 | NIZZOLO Giacomo RadioShack - Nissan | RadioShack - Nissan | ,, 0:46 | |
52 | 71 | ▲19 | FAVILLI Elia Farnese Vini-Neri-Sottoli | Farnese Vini-Neri-Sottoli | 0:47 0:47 | |
53 | 60 | ▲7 | WILLEMS Frederik Lotto Belisol Team | Lotto Belisol Team | 0:48 0:48 | |
54 | 61 | ▲7 | VANENDERT Jelle Lotto Belisol Team | Lotto Belisol Team | ,, 0:48 | |
55 | 58 | ▲3 | SIEBERG Marcel Lotto Belisol Team | Lotto Belisol Team | ,, 0:48 | |
56 | 62 | ▲6 | VAN DE WALLE Jurgen Lotto Belisol Team | Lotto Belisol Team | ,, 0:48 | |
57 | 63 | ▲6 | DOCKX Gert Lotto Belisol Team | Lotto Belisol Team | ,, 0:48 | |
58 | 65 | ▲7 | MALORI Adriano Lampre - ISD | Lampre - ISD | 0:49 0:49 | |
59 | 64 | ▲5 | MONDORY Lloyd AG2R La Mondiale | AG2R La Mondiale | ,, 0:49 | |
60 | 68 | ▲8 | SCARPONI Michele Lampre - ISD | Lampre - ISD | ,, 0:49 | |
61 | 69 | ▲8 | PETACCHI Alessandro Lampre - ISD | Lampre - ISD | ,, 0:49 | |
62 | 66 | ▲4 | HONDO Danilo Lampre - ISD | Lampre - ISD | ,, 0:49 | |
63 | 67 | ▲4 | NIEMIEC Przemysław Lampre - ISD | Lampre - ISD | ,, 0:49 | |
64 | 72 | ▲8 | ASCANI Luca Farnese Vini-Neri-Sottoli | Farnese Vini-Neri-Sottoli | 0:50 0:50 | |
65 | 73 | ▲8 | FAILLI Francesco Farnese Vini-Neri-Sottoli | Farnese Vini-Neri-Sottoli | ,, 0:50 | |
66 | 74 | ▲8 | POZZATO Filippo Farnese Vini-Neri-Sottoli | Farnese Vini-Neri-Sottoli | ,, 0:50 | |
67 | 75 | ▲8 | MAZZANTI Luca Farnese Vini-Neri-Sottoli | Farnese Vini-Neri-Sottoli | ,, 0:50 | |
68 | 76 | ▲8 | HULSMANS Kevin Farnese Vini-Neri-Sottoli | Farnese Vini-Neri-Sottoli | ,, 0:50 | |
69 | 88 | ▲19 | SAGAN Peter Liquigas - Cannondale | Liquigas - Cannondale | 0:51 0:51 | |
70 | 77 | ▲7 | POELS Wout Vacansoleil - DCM | Vacansoleil - DCM | ,, 0:51 | |
71 | 78 | ▲7 | PINEAU Jérôme Omega Pharma - Quick-Step | Omega Pharma - Quick-Step | 0:54 0:54 | |
72 | 79 | ▲7 | TERPSTRA Niki Omega Pharma - Quick-Step | Omega Pharma - Quick-Step | ,, 0:54 | |
73 | 82 | ▲9 | HOOGERLAND Johnny Vacansoleil - DCM | Vacansoleil - DCM | ,, 0:54 | |
74 | 83 | ▲9 | VELITS Peter Omega Pharma - Quick-Step | Omega Pharma - Quick-Step | ,, 0:54 | |
75 | 86 | ▲11 | CARRARA Matteo Vacansoleil - DCM | Vacansoleil - DCM | ,, 0:54 | |
76 | 84 | ▲8 | PAUWELS Serge Omega Pharma - Quick-Step | Omega Pharma - Quick-Step | ,, 0:54 | |
77 | 81 | ▲4 | DEVOLDER Stijn Vacansoleil - DCM | Vacansoleil - DCM | ,, 0:54 | |
78 | 85 | ▲7 | SELVAGGI Mirko Vacansoleil - DCM | Vacansoleil - DCM | ,, 0:54 | |
79 | 87 | ▲8 | CATALDO Dario Omega Pharma - Quick-Step | Omega Pharma - Quick-Step | ,, 0:54 | |
80 | 90 | ▲10 | OSS Daniel Liquigas - Cannondale | Liquigas - Cannondale | 0:58 0:58 | |
81 | 91 | ▲10 | NIBALI Vincenzo Liquigas - Cannondale | Liquigas - Cannondale | ,, 0:58 | |
82 | 89 | ▲7 | KOREN Kristijan Liquigas - Cannondale | Liquigas - Cannondale | ,, 0:58 | |
83 | 92 | ▲9 | AGNOLI Valerio Liquigas - Cannondale | Liquigas - Cannondale | ,, 0:58 | |
84 | 93 | ▲9 | BODNAR Maciej Liquigas - Cannondale | Liquigas - Cannondale | ,, 0:58 | |
85 | 94 | ▲9 | BRESCHEL Matti Rabobank Cycling Team | Rabobank Cycling Team | 1:00 1:00 | |
86 | 95 | ▲9 | KRUIJSWIJK Steven Rabobank Cycling Team | Rabobank Cycling Team | ,, 1:00 | |
87 | 99 | ▲12 | BOOM Lars Rabobank Cycling Team | Rabobank Cycling Team | ,, 1:00 | |
88 | 97 | ▲9 | TANKINK Bram Rabobank Cycling Team | Rabobank Cycling Team | ,, 1:00 | |
89 | 96 | ▲7 | GARATE Juan Manuel Rabobank Cycling Team | Rabobank Cycling Team | ,, 1:00 | |
90 | 98 | ▲8 | MARTENS Paul Rabobank Cycling Team | Rabobank Cycling Team | ,, 1:00 | |
91 | 101 | ▲10 | VAN AVERMAET Greg BMC Racing Team | BMC Racing Team | 1:01 1:01 | |
92 | 102 | ▲10 | HINCAPIE George BMC Racing Team | BMC Racing Team | ,, 1:01 | |
93 | 104 | ▲11 | EVANS Cadel BMC Racing Team | BMC Racing Team | ,, 1:01 | |
94 | 103 | ▲9 | PINOTTI Marco BMC Racing Team | BMC Racing Team | ,, 1:01 | |
95 | 105 | ▲10 | BALLAN Alessandro BMC Racing Team | BMC Racing Team | ,, 1:01 | |
96 | 20 | ▼76 | BOŽIČ Borut Astana Pro Team | Astana Pro Team | ,, 1:01 | |
97 | 106 | ▲9 | VIGANÒ Davide Lampre - ISD | Lampre - ISD | 1:07 1:07 | |
98 | 108 | ▲10 | GRABSCH Bert Omega Pharma - Quick-Step | Omega Pharma - Quick-Step | 1:09 1:09 | |
99 | 109 | ▲10 | MODOLO Sacha Colnago - CSF Inox | Colnago - CSF Inox | 1:12 1:12 | |
100 | 110 | ▲10 | BRAMBILLA Gianluca Colnago - CSF Inox | Colnago - CSF Inox | ,, 1:12 | |
101 | 112 | ▲11 | BATTAGLIN Enrico Colnago - CSF Inox | Colnago - CSF Inox | ,, 1:12 | |
102 | 111 | ▲9 | PAGANI Angelo Colnago - CSF Inox | Colnago - CSF Inox | ,, 1:12 | |
103 | 113 | ▲10 | POZZOVIVO Domenico Colnago - CSF Inox | Colnago - CSF Inox | ,, 1:12 | |
104 | 70 | ▼34 | STORTONI Simone Lampre - ISD | Lampre - ISD | 1:14 1:14 | |
105 | 119 | ▲14 | VENTOSO Francisco José Movistar Team | Movistar Team | 1:18 1:18 | |
106 | 114 | ▲8 | BONNET William FDJ - BigMat | FDJ - BigMat | 1:20 1:20 | |
107 | 115 | ▲8 | VICHOT Arthur FDJ - BigMat | FDJ - BigMat | ,, 1:20 | |
108 | 118 | ▲10 | PINOT Thibaut FDJ - BigMat | FDJ - BigMat | ,, 1:20 | |
109 | 116 | ▲7 | VAUGRENARD Benoît FDJ - BigMat | FDJ - BigMat | ,, 1:20 | |
110 | 117 | ▲7 | GÉRARD Arnaud FDJ - BigMat | FDJ - BigMat | ,, 1:20 | |
111 | 122 | ▲11 | HERRADA José Movistar Team | Movistar Team | 1:21 1:21 | |
112 | 120 | ▲8 | COSTA Rui Movistar Team | Movistar Team | ,, 1:21 | |
113 | 124 | ▲11 | VISCONTI Giovanni Movistar Team | Movistar Team | ,, 1:21 | |
114 | 121 | ▲7 | AMADOR Andrey Movistar Team | Movistar Team | ,, 1:21 | |
115 | 123 | ▲8 | SAMOILAU Branislau Movistar Team | Movistar Team | ,, 1:21 | |
116 | 125 | ▲9 | INTXAUSTI Beñat Movistar Team | Movistar Team | ,, 1:21 | |
117 | 126 | ▲9 | TJALLINGII Maarten Rabobank Cycling Team | Rabobank Cycling Team | 1:22 1:22 | |
118 | 127 | ▲9 | VAN HUMMEL Kenny Vacansoleil - DCM | Vacansoleil - DCM | 1:23 1:23 | |
119 | 128 | ▲9 | PÉREZ Rubén Euskaltel - Euskadi | Euskaltel - Euskadi | 1:28 1:28 | |
120 | 129 | ▲9 | OROZ Juan José Euskaltel - Euskadi | Euskaltel - Euskadi | ,, 1:28 | |
121 | 131 | ▲10 | IZAGIRRE Ion Euskaltel - Euskadi | Euskaltel - Euskadi | ,, 1:28 | |
122 | 134 | ▲12 | MARTÍNEZ Egoi Euskaltel - Euskadi | Euskaltel - Euskadi | ,, 1:28 | |
123 | 130 | ▲7 | TXURRUKA Amets Euskaltel - Euskadi | Euskaltel - Euskadi | ,, 1:28 | |
124 | 132 | ▲8 | URTASUN Pablo Euskaltel - Euskadi | Euskaltel - Euskadi | ,, 1:28 | |
125 | 133 | ▲8 | VERDUGO Gorka Euskaltel - Euskadi | Euskaltel - Euskadi | ,, 1:28 | |
126 | 135 | ▲9 | NAPOLITANO Danilo Acqua & Sapone | Acqua & Sapone | 1:32 1:32 | |
127 | 27 | ▼100 | PONZI Simone Astana Pro Team | Astana Pro Team | 1:37 1:37 | |
128 | 80 | ▼48 | MARCATO Marco Vacansoleil - DCM | Vacansoleil - DCM | 1:43 1:43 | |
129 | 140 | ▲11 | DUARTE Fabio Colombia - Coldeportes | Colombia - Coldeportes | 1:48 1:48 | |
130 | 139 | ▲9 | CHAVES Esteban Colombia - Coldeportes | Colombia - Coldeportes | ,, 1:48 | |
131 | 143 | ▲12 | CHALAPUD Robinson Colombia - Coldeportes | Colombia - Coldeportes | ,, 1:48 | |
132 | 144 | ▲12 | MILLAR David Team Garmin - Barracuda | Team Garmin - Barracuda | 1:49 1:49 | |
133 | 145 | ▲12 | HINAULT Sébastien AG2R La Mondiale | AG2R La Mondiale | 2:01 2:01 | |
134 | 146 | ▲12 | LIGTHART Pim Vacansoleil - DCM | Vacansoleil - DCM | 2:06 2:06 | |
135 | 149 | ▲14 | ROUX Anthony FDJ - BigMat | FDJ - BigMat | 2:33 2:33 | |
136 | 148 | ▲12 | HORRACH Joan Sebastian Team Katusha | Team Katusha | ,, 2:33 | |
137 | 150 | ▲13 | WEGMANN Fabian Team Garmin - Barracuda | Team Garmin - Barracuda | 2:46 2:46 | |
138 | 151 | ▲13 | LANDA Mikel Euskaltel - Euskadi | Euskaltel - Euskadi | 2:49 2:49 | |
139 | 147 | ▲8 | SPEZIALETTI Alessandro Lampre - ISD | Lampre - ISD | 2:53 2:53 | |
140 | 153 | ▲13 | RAST Grégory RadioShack - Nissan | RadioShack - Nissan | 3:11 3:11 | |
141 | 154 | ▲13 | POPOVYCH Yaroslav RadioShack - Nissan | RadioShack - Nissan | ,, 3:11 | |
142 | 156 | ▲14 | STEEGMANS Gert Omega Pharma - Quick-Step | Omega Pharma - Quick-Step | 3:16 3:16 | |
143 | 152 | ▲9 | GATTO Oscar Farnese Vini-Neri-Sottoli | Farnese Vini-Neri-Sottoli | 3:19 3:19 | |
144 | 157 | ▲13 | SCHÄR Michael BMC Racing Team | BMC Racing Team | 3:35 3:35 | |
145 | 158 | ▲13 | GILBERT Philippe BMC Racing Team | BMC Racing Team | ,, 3:35 | |
146 | 159 | ▲13 | QUINZIATO Manuel BMC Racing Team | BMC Racing Team | ,, 3:35 | |
147 | 160 | ▲13 | HUNT Jeremy Sky Procycling | Sky Procycling | 3:40 3:40 | |
148 | 161 | ▲13 | SUTTON Chris Sky Procycling | Sky Procycling | 4:00 4:00 | |
149 | 162 | ▲13 | RASCH Gabriel FDJ - BigMat | FDJ - BigMat | 4:04 4:04 | |
150 | 163 | ▲13 | EISEL Bernhard Sky Procycling | Sky Procycling | 4:11 4:11 | |
151 | 164 | ▲13 | ROLLIN Dominique FDJ - BigMat | FDJ - BigMat | 4:14 4:14 | |
152 | 155 | ▲3 | CIOLEK Gerald Omega Pharma - Quick-Step | Omega Pharma - Quick-Step | 4:18 4:18 | |
153 | 165 | ▲12 | LASTRAS Pablo Movistar Team | Movistar Team | 4:34 4:34 | |
154 | 167 | ▲13 | CANUTI Federico Liquigas - Cannondale | Liquigas - Cannondale | 4:37 4:37 | |
155 | 166 | ▲11 | DA DALTO Mauro Liquigas - Cannondale | Liquigas - Cannondale | ,, 4:37 | |
156 | 169 | ▲13 | VAITKUS Tomas Orica GreenEDGE | Orica GreenEDGE | 7:19 7:19 | |
157 | 57 | ▼100 | REYNÉS Vicente Lotto Belisol Team | Lotto Belisol Team | 7:56 7:56 | |
158 | 171 | ▲13 | COLEDAN Marco Colnago - CSF Inox | Colnago - CSF Inox | 8:06 8:06 | |
159 | 107 | ▼52 | DEBUSSCHERE Jens Lotto Belisol Team | Lotto Belisol Team | 8:15 8:15 | |
160 | 141 | ▼19 | ATAPUMA Darwin Colombia - Coldeportes | Colombia - Coldeportes | 8:56 8:56 | |
161 | 173 | ▲12 | MOURIS Jens Orica GreenEDGE | Orica GreenEDGE | 10:06 10:06 | |
162 | 11 | ▼151 | RASMUSSEN Alex Team Garmin - Barracuda | Team Garmin - Barracuda | 11:50 11:50 | |
163 | 13 | ▼150 | TALANSKY Andrew Team Garmin - Barracuda | Team Garmin - Barracuda | ,, 11:50 | |
164 | 175 | ▲11 | CACCIA Diego Farnese Vini-Neri-Sottoli | Farnese Vini-Neri-Sottoli | 12:00 12:00 | |
165 | 168 | ▲3 | COOKE Baden Orica GreenEDGE | Orica GreenEDGE | 12:02 12:02 | |
166 | 37 | ▼129 | PAULINHO Sérgio Miguel Team Saxo Bank - Tinkoff Bank | Team Saxo Bank - Tinkoff Bank | 12:11 12:11 | |
167 | 136 | ▼31 | MARENTES Wilson Alexander Colombia - Coldeportes | Colombia - Coldeportes | 13:18 13:18 | |
168 | 137 | ▼31 | LAVERDE Luis Felipe Colombia - Coldeportes | Colombia - Coldeportes | ,, 13:18 | |
169 | 138 | ▼31 | PEÑA Victor Hugo Colombia - Coldeportes | Colombia - Coldeportes | ,, 13:18 | |
170 | 142 | ▼28 | PANTANO Jarlinson Colombia - Coldeportes | Colombia - Coldeportes | ,, 13:18 | |
171 | 172 | ▲1 | SAVINI Filippo Colnago - CSF Inox | Colnago - CSF Inox | 13:21 13:21 | |
172 | 176 | ▲4 | PIRAZZI Stefano Colnago - CSF Inox | Colnago - CSF Inox | 14:19 14:19 | |
173 | 170 | ▼3 | IGNATIEV Mikhail Team Katusha | Team Katusha | 14:37 14:37 | |
174 | 174 | - | TUFT Svein Orica GreenEDGE | Orica GreenEDGE | 15:04 15:04 |
DNF=Did not finish / DNS=Did not start / OTL = Outside time limit / DF=Did finish, no result / NR=No result Rider wearing the jersey >50% of race distance in group before peloton
Race information
- Date:09 March 2012
- Start time:-
- Avg. speed winner:37.406 km/h
- Race category:ME - Men Elite
- Distance:178 km
- Points scale:
- UCI scale:
- Parcours type:
- ProfileScore:58
- Vert. meters:1550
- Departure:
- Arrival:
- Race ranking:
- Startlist quality score:
- Won how:Sprint of large group
- Avg. temperature: